·
What is voice?
Voice is the form of verb indicates the
relation between subject and event/ action.
In other words
voice tells us about in which situation, which type of voice can use.
·
Types of voice?
Two types are there. Active voice
and Passive voice.
·
Why voice is introduced?
Voice is introduced because it’s a
set of rules in which we can say/ write same sentence in two forms. Ultimate
meaning of both is same but difference is that:
1.
Active
voice – Focus on subject in
sentence.
2.
Passive
voice – Focus on Object in sentence.
·
In which situations voice is
used?
1.
If we
want to tell something in perspective of subject, then we can use Active voice.
2.
If we
want to tell something in perspective of object, then we can use Passive voice.
·
Active voice - Subject is more important than the
action/Object.
Syntax:
- Subject + Verb + Object
Ex: - Stealer stole my laptop.
·
Passive voice - Subject is
either less important than the action itself or that we don't know who or what
the subject is.
Syntax: - Object + Helping Verb + Main Verb 3rd
+ by + Subject
Ex: - My laptop was stolen.
·
Rules for passive voice:
1.
Replace Subject by Object.
2. In some of the situations (by word) and subject is not used.
Ex: - Games was played.
3. Main verb should be in 3rd form.
Ex: - Mango is eaten by me.
4. Use by (with, to according to sentence) whenever needed.
Ex: - Glass is filled
with water.
·
Tenses in passive voice:
ü Present Indefinite tense:
1.
Present Indefinite tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + M.V1 +
s/es + Object
P.V. à Object + is/am/are
+ M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He writes a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter is written by
him.
2.
Present Indefinite tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject + do/does
+ not + M.V1+ Object
P.V. à Object + is/am/are
+ not + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He does not write a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter is not written
by him.
3.
Present Indefinite tense (Interrogative)
A.V à Do/Does + Subject
+ M.V1 + Object?
P.V. à is/am/are + Object
+ M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Does he write a letter?
P.V. Ex à Is a letter written by
him?
ü Present Continuous tense:
1.
Present Continuous tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + is/am/are + M.V1 + ing + Object
P.V. à Object + is/am/are
+ being + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He is writing a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter is being
written by him.
2.
Present Continuous tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject +
is/am/are + not + M.V1+ Object
P.V. à Object + is/am/are
+ not + being + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He is not writing a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter is not being
written by him.
3.
Present Continuous tense (Interrogative)
A.V à is/am/are + Subject + M.V1 + ing + Object?
P.V. à is/am/are + Object + being + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Is he writing a letter?
P.V. Ex à Is a letter being
written by him?
ü Present Perfect tense:
1.
Present Perfect tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + has/have + M.V3 + Object
P.V. à Object + has/have
+ been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He has written a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter has been
written by him.
2.
Present Perfect tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject +
has/have + not + M.V3+ Object
P.V. à Object + has/have + not + been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He has not written a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter has not been
written by him.
3.
Present Perfect tense (Interrogative)
A.V à has/have +
Subject + M.V3 + Object?
P.V. à has/have + Object
+ been + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Has he written a
letter?
P.V. Ex à Has a letter been
written by him?
ü Past Indefinite tense:
1.
Past Indefinite tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + M.V2 +
Object
P.V. à Object + was/were
+ M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He wrote a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter was written by
him.
2.
Past Indefinite tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject + did +
not + M.V1+ Object
P.V. à Object + was/were
+ not + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He did not write a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter was not
written by him.
3.
Past Indefinite tense (Interrogative)
A.V à Did + Subject +
M.V1 + Object?
P.V. à was/were + Object
+ M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Did he write a letter?
P.V. Ex à Was a letter written by
him?
ü Past Continuous tense:
1.
Past Continuous tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + was/were + M.V1 + ing + Object
P.V. à Object + was/were
+ being + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He was writing a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter was being
written by him.
2.
Past Continuous tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject +
was/were + not + M.V1+ Object
P.V. à Object + was/were
+ not + being + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He was not writing a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter was not being
written by him.
3.
Past Continuous tense (Interrogative)
A.V à was/were +
Subject + M.V1 + ing + Object?
P.V. à was/were + Object
+ being + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Was he writing a
letter?
P.V. Ex à Was a letter being
written by him?
ü Past Perfect tense:
1.
Past Perfect tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + had + M.V3 + Object
P.V. à Object + had +
been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He had written a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter had been
written by him.
2.
Past Perfect tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject + had +
not + M.V3+ Object
P.V. à Object + had + not
+ been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He had not written a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter had not been
written by him.
3.
Past Perfect tense (Interrogative)
A.V à had + Subject +
M.V3 + Object?
P.V. à had + Object +
been + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Had he written a
letter?
P.V. Ex à Had a letter been
written by him?
ü Future Indefinite tense:
1.
Future Indefinite tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + will/shall
+ M.V1 + Object
P.V. à Object +
will/shall be+ M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He will write a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter will be
written by him.
2.
Future Indefinite tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject + will/shall
+ not + M.V1+ Object
P.V. à Object + will/shall
+ not + be +M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He will not write a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter will not be
written by him.
3.
Future Indefinite tense (Interrogative)
A.V à will/shall +
Subject + M.V1 + Object?
P.V. à will/shall +
Object + be + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Will he write a letter?
P.V. Ex à Will a letter be written
by him?
ü Future Perfect tense:
1.
Future Perfect tense (Affirmative)
A.V à Subject + will/shall have + M.V3 + Object
P.V. à Object + will/shall
+ have been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He will have written a
letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter will have been
written by him.
2.
Future Perfect tense (Negative)
A.V à Subject + will/shall
have + not + M.V3+ Object
P.V. à Object + will/shall
+ not + have been + M.V3 + by + Subject
A.V. Ex à He will have not
written a letter.
P.V. Ex à A letter will not have
been written by him.
3.
Future Perfect tense (Interrogative)
A.V à will/shall have +
Subject + M.V3 + Object?
P.V. à will/shall +
Object + have been + M.V3 + by + Subject?
A.V. Ex à Will have he written a
letter?
P.V.
Ex à Will a letter have been
written by him?
ü Imperative sentences:
·
Order - Let as a prefix in
sentence
Example
– Let the door be closed.
·
Advice – You are advised /asked
to as prefix
Example
- You are advised to do your own work.
·
Request – You are requested to
as a prefix in sentence
Example
– You are requested to give me suggestion.
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