1. Simple Present Tense
It is used to express general truths, habits, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes.
Simple present tense is used: a. To express general truths, habits, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes. Examples: • I smoke every day. (habit) • I work in Tata motors. (unchanging situation) • Mumbai is a large city. (general truth)
b. To give instructions or directions: Example: • You walk for 2 kilo-meter, then you turn right.
c. To express fixed arrangement (we can use here Present as well as Future tense): Example: • Your exam starts at 12:00
d. To express future time (after some conjunctions like ‘after’, ‘when’, ‘before’, ‘as soon as’, ‘until’): Example: • She will give it to you when you come on next Monday.
EXAMPLES For habits 1) She drinks tea at the breakfast. 2) He only eats non-veg 3) They watch television regularly. For repeated actions or events 1) I go to park every day. 2) They drive to Goa every winter 3) It rains every day in rainy season For general truths 1) Water boils at 100oc 2) The earth revolves around the sun 3) Taj mahal is in Agra For instructions or directions 1) Open the bottle and poor this liquid in the can. 2) You take the No. 4 bus to Warje and then the No. 6 bus to Katraj. For fixed arrangements 1) His brother arrives tomorrow 2) Our holiday starts on 5 April With future constructions 1) He’ll see you before he leaves. 2) They’ll give it t her when she arrives.
Simple Present Tense in case of third person singular:
1. He, she, it is the third person singulars, in it the verb is always ends with ‘-s’ Example: • He needs, She writes, It looks, He thinks, etc.
2. In case of negative, use ‘does (the third person of the auxiliary do)’ + not + infinitive of the verb. In case of question, use ‘Does’ at the first position in sentence + infinitive form of verb. Example: • He gives. Does he give? He does not give.
The Verb: ‘to play, to rest, to learn’ I play rest learn we play rest learn you play rest learn you play rest learn he/ she/ it plays rests learns they play rest learn
Example: to think, present simple
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I think Do I think? I do not think.
You think Do you think? You do not think.
He, she, it thinks Does he, she, it think? He, she, it does not think.
We think Do we think? We do not think.
You think Do you think? You do not think.
They think Do they think? They do not think.
2. Simple Present Continuous or Present Progressive Tense:
The speaker attitude is an important think while considering the proper tense. When someone uses Present progressive tense, then they are thinking about something which is not finished or incomplete.
Present continuous is used: a. To describe an action which is going on at this instance.: Examples • You are learning English grammar. • You are using internet.
b. To describe an action which is going on during this period of time or trend: Examples: • Are you still working for the same company? • Many people are watching news now a days.
c. To describe a future event or action which has already been planned or prepared: Examples: • We are going on trip today. • I am spending my time with family. • Are they visiting you next summer?
d. To describe temporary event or situation: Examples: • He usually plays football, but he is playing cricket tonight. • I watch serials every day on television, but I am watching movie tonight.
Verbs that are not used in the continuous form: Types Verbs Senses/ Perception hear, smell, taste Opinion assume, believe, consider, doubt, suppose Mental states forgot, imagine, know, mean, notice, recognize, remember, understand. Emotions/ Desires Envy, fear, dislike, hate, hope, like, love, mind, prefer, regret, want, wish Measurement contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh
How to construct sentence in Present Continuous Tense: AFFIRMATIVE Subject + to be +base + ing He is speaking
NEGATIVE Subject + to be + not +base + ing
He is not (isn’t) speaking
INTERROGATIVE
to be + subject +base + ing
Is he speaking
Example: to go (Present Continuous Tense)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am going. I am not going. Am I going?
You are going. You are not going. Are you going?
He, she, it is going. He, she, it is not going. Is he, she, it going?
We are going. We are not going Are we going?
You are going. You are not going. Are you going?
They are going. They are not going. Are they going?
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